Alexander Penalta co-authored a 1995 National Journal of Underwater Education article with Milledge Murphey, Ph.D., and colleagues on OSHA’s potential impact on the dive industry.
Publication note: Sources: The Journal of Underwater Education (1995)
In 1995, Alexander Penalta co-authored “OSHA Regulations Potential Impact on the Dive Industry” in the Sources: The Journal of Underwater Education, writing with Robert F. Millott, Ed.D.; Milledge Murphey, Ph.D.; and MaryBeth Horodyski, Ed.D.
The article examined how Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulatory approaches could affect dive training, commercial dive operations, and related underwater-education practices. It sits at the intersection of workplace safety rules and the operational realities of scuba and dive instruction, a subject that remains relevant for dive shops, instructors, vessel operators, and anyone counseling clients on maritime and dive-industry compliance.
Dive operators and instructors work under overlapping layers of safety expectation: agency standards, industry training systems, vessel and commercial practices, and state or federal enforcement when an incident occurs. Understanding how OSHA-framed duties may reach dive work helps clients prepare policies, training documentation, and incident response before a dispute begins.
Alexander Penalta’s later practice in Florida maritime, boating, and scuba-related matters builds on that early focus: connecting underwater operations to counsel that can appear in civil, administrative, and related proceedings.
Dr. Murphey’s academic diving leadership at the University of Florida formed part of the instructional environment in which Penalta later served as Assistant Director and Adjunct Instructor in the Academic Diving Program (UFADP), with CMAS Scientific Diver rating number 006 in the United States and NAUI instructional work.
Millott, R. F., Murphey, M., Horodyski, M. B., & Penalta, A. (1995). OSHA Regulations Potential Impact on the Dive Industry. Sources: The Journal of Underwater Education, 7(5), 45-46.
Note: The firm is locating a clean digital scan of the original journal pages for archival posting. This page documents the verified publication for clients, researchers, and media.
Related reading: Florida Scuba Diving Liability, Injuries, and Maritime Overlaps · Boating & Maritime Law
Call Ava, our Super Intelligence intake assistant and team member, at (386) 847-5335. Ava is available 24/7 to assist you. Ava does not replace the human attorney.
Related resources: Consult the OSHA’s commercial diving scope and exceptions for the governing rules or official background. Applicability can depend on the facts, jurisdiction and type of activity.
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